Abnormalities in mineral and bone metabolism contribute, in part, to severity of vascular calcification (VC). Impaired kidney function impacts the quality of bone tissue and results in the development of disorders in bone and mineral metabolism, which are defined as Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorders (CKD-MBD). Although the mechanisms of action and the effects of these vitamins on bone are distinct, we try to find evidence for synergy between them in relation to bone metabolism, to answer the question of whether combined supplementation of VK and VD will be more beneficial for bone health in the CKD population than administering each of these vitamins separately.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health issue involving about 13% of the general population, of which about 11% are patients in the 3–5 stage of CKD. Based on the existing results of preclinical studies and clinical evidence, this review intends to discuss the effect of VK and VD on bone remodeling in CKD. Moreover, there are no clear guidelines how supplementation of these vitamins should be carried out in the course of CKD. So far, there has been no consensus on what serum VK and VD levels can be considered sufficient in this particular population. CKD patients, with disturbances in VK and VD metabolism, do not have sufficient levels of these vitamins for maintaining normal bone formation and mineralization. Vitamin K (VK) and vitamin D (VD) deficiency/insufficiency is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to impaired bone quality and a higher risk of fractures.
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